如果要做比较高并发的游戏服务端, 单独采用以下技术栈会有以下问题:
Quarkus: 作为集成框架缺少对应 Actor 底层游戏架构, 所以得自己手动实现
Pekko: 作为 Actor 缺少容器托管和快捷数据库 ORM 框架
所以需要将两者结合起来, 就能设计开发出稳定高效的游戏游戏服务端框架, 这里提供简单的 POM 项目依赖文件:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <project xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > <modelVersion > 4.0.0</modelVersion > <groupId > io.meteorcat.game</groupId > <artifactId > pico</artifactId > <version > 1.0-SNAPSHOT</version > <properties > <maven.compiler.source > 21</maven.compiler.source > <maven.compiler.target > 21</maven.compiler.target > <maven.compiler.release > 21</maven.compiler.release > <compiler-plugin.version > 3.14.0</compiler-plugin.version > <project.build.sourceEncoding > UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding > <quarkus.platform.artifact-id > quarkus-bom</quarkus.platform.artifact-id > <quarkus.platform.group-id > io.quarkus.platform</quarkus.platform.group-id > <quarkus.platform.version > 3.26.1</quarkus.platform.version > <skipITs > true</skipITs > <surefire-plugin.version > 3.5.3</surefire-plugin.version > <pekko.platform.artifact-id > pekko-bom</pekko.platform.artifact-id > <pekko.platform.group-id > org.apache.pekko</pekko.platform.group-id > <pekko.platform.version > 1.3.0</pekko.platform.version > <pekko.platform.scala-version > 2.13</pekko.platform.scala-version > <protobuf.platform.artifact-id > protobuf-bom</protobuf.platform.artifact-id > <protobuf.platform.group-id > com.google.protobuf</protobuf.platform.group-id > <protobuf.platform.version > 4.32.0</protobuf.platform.version > <protobuf.plugin.group-id > org.xolstice.maven.plugins</protobuf.plugin.group-id > <protobuf.plugin.version > 0.6.1</protobuf.plugin.version > <protobuf.compiler.artifact-id > protoc</protobuf.compiler.artifact-id > <protobuf.compiler.group-id > com.google.protobuf</protobuf.compiler.group-id > <protobuf.compiler.version > ${protobuf.platform.version}</protobuf.compiler.version > <os.plugin.group-id > kr.motd.maven</os.plugin.group-id > <os.plugin.version > 1.6.2</os.plugin.version > </properties > <dependencyManagement > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.apache.pekko</groupId > <artifactId > pekko-bom_${pekko.platform.scala-version}</artifactId > <version > ${pekko.platform.version}</version > <type > pom</type > <scope > import</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > ${quarkus.platform.group-id}</groupId > <artifactId > ${quarkus.platform.artifact-id}</artifactId > <version > ${quarkus.platform.version}</version > <type > pom</type > <scope > import</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > com.google.protobuf</groupId > <artifactId > protobuf-java</artifactId > <version > ${protobuf.platform.version}</version > </dependency > </dependencies > </dependencyManagement > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > io.quarkus</groupId > <artifactId > quarkus-core</artifactId > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > io.quarkus</groupId > <artifactId > quarkus-arc</artifactId > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.apache.pekko</groupId > <artifactId > pekko-actor-typed_${pekko.platform.scala-version}</artifactId > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.apache.pekko</groupId > <artifactId > pekko-slf4j_${pekko.platform.scala-version}</artifactId > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.apache.pekko</groupId > <artifactId > pekko-remote_${pekko.platform.scala-version}</artifactId > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > com.google.protobuf</groupId > <artifactId > protobuf-java</artifactId > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > io.quarkus</groupId > <artifactId > quarkus-junit5</artifactId > <scope > test</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.apache.pekko</groupId > <artifactId > pekko-actor-testkit-typed_${pekko.platform.scala-version}</artifactId > <scope > test</scope > </dependency > </dependencies > <build > <extensions > <extension > <groupId > ${os.plugin.group-id}</groupId > <artifactId > os-maven-plugin</artifactId > <version > ${os.plugin.version}</version > </extension > </extensions > <plugins > <plugin > <groupId > ${protobuf.plugin.group-id}</groupId > <artifactId > protobuf-maven-plugin</artifactId > <version > ${protobuf.plugin.version}</version > <extensions > true</extensions > <configuration > <protocArtifact > ${protobuf.compiler.group-id}:${protobuf.compiler.artifact-id}:${protobuf.compiler.version}:exe:${os.detected.classifier} </protocArtifact > <clearOutputDirectory > false</clearOutputDirectory > </configuration > <executions > <execution > <id > compile</id > <phase > compile</phase > <goals > <goal > compile</goal > </goals > </execution > </executions > </plugin > <plugin > <groupId > ${quarkus.platform.group-id}</groupId > <artifactId > quarkus-maven-plugin</artifactId > <version > ${quarkus.platform.version}</version > <extensions > true</extensions > <executions > <execution > <goals > <goal > build</goal > <goal > generate-code</goal > <goal > generate-code-tests</goal > <goal > native-image-agent</goal > </goals > </execution > </executions > </plugin > <plugin > <artifactId > maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId > <version > ${compiler-plugin.version}</version > <configuration > <parameters > true</parameters > <source > ${maven.compiler.release}</source > <target > ${maven.compiler.release}</target > <encoding > ${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding > </configuration > </plugin > <plugin > <artifactId > maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId > <version > ${surefire-plugin.version}</version > <configuration > <systemPropertyVariables > <java.util.logging.manager > org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager > <maven.home > ${maven.home}</maven.home > </systemPropertyVariables > </configuration > </plugin > <plugin > <artifactId > maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId > <version > ${surefire-plugin.version}</version > <executions > <execution > <goals > <goal > integration-test</goal > <goal > verify</goal > </goals > </execution > </executions > <configuration > <systemPropertyVariables > <native.image.path > ${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}-runner </native.image.path > <java.util.logging.manager > org.jboss.logmanager.LogManager</java.util.logging.manager > <maven.home > ${maven.home}</maven.home > </systemPropertyVariables > </configuration > </plugin > </plugins > </build > <profiles > <profile > <id > native</id > <activation > <property > <name > native</name > </property > </activation > <properties > <skipITs > false</skipITs > <quarkus.native.enabled > true</quarkus.native.enabled > </properties > </profile > </profiles > </project >
这就是最基础的 单机 Actor 服务, 后续涉及到集群转发之类的业务可以等以后接触, 否则牵涉的知识点太过庞大了.
主要流程是让 Pekko 负责动态构建 Actor 节点, Quarkus 负责将 ActorRef 放入全局容器管理, 消息采用 Protobuf 传递.
这里先构建成默认启动入口, 作为当前项目启动的唯一入口:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 package io.meteorcat.game;import io.quarkus.runtime.Quarkus;import io.quarkus.runtime.annotations.QuarkusMain;@QuarkusMain public class PinoApplication { public static void main (String[] args) { Quarkus.run(args); } }
之后就是准备其他集成措施, 才能将 pekko 和 quarkus 结合的更加紧密.
配置加载
pekko 的默认加载配置格式是 HOCO(NHuman-Optimized Config Object Notation) 规范, 具体格式如下:
而 quarkus 则是采用更加通用的 properties/yaml 处理方式, 两者的配置规范没办法统一:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 # Quarkus 配置 quarkus.http.port = 8080 quarkus.log.level = DEBUG # Pekko 配置 pekko { loglevel = "DEBUG" actor { provider = "local" } }
这里就需要需要将 Pekko 配置转化成支持 properties/yaml 加载的方式,
采用 config-reference Quarkus 官方编写处理:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 package io.meteorcat.game.config;import com.google.protobuf.MessageLite;import com.typesafe.config.Config;import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory;import io.smallrye.config.ConfigMapping;import io.smallrye.config.WithDefault;import org.apache.pekko.Done;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.ActorSystem;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.javadsl.Behaviors;import scala.util.Try;import java.util.Map;import java.util.function.Function;@SuppressWarnings("unused") @ConfigMapping(prefix = "actor") public interface ActorPropsConfigurator { enum ActorReferences { Reference, Application, Overrides, ReferenceUnresolved } @WithDefault("reference") ActorReferences reference () ; String name () ; Map<String, String> settings () ; default ActorSystem<MessageLite> createActorSystem () { Config originalConfig = ConfigFactory.load(); originalConfig = switch (reference()) { case Application -> originalConfig.withFallback(ConfigFactory.defaultApplication()); case Overrides -> originalConfig.withFallback(ConfigFactory.defaultOverrides()); case ReferenceUnresolved -> originalConfig.withFallback(ConfigFactory.defaultReferenceUnresolved()); default -> originalConfig.withFallback(ConfigFactory.defaultReference()); }; Map<String, String> settings = settings(); if (!settings.containsKey("pekko.logging-filter" )) { settings.put("pekko.logging-filter" , "org.apache.pekko.event.slf4j.Slf4jLoggingFilter" ); settings.put("pekko.loggers.0" , "org.apache.pekko.event.slf4j.Slf4jLogger" ); settings.put("pekko.log-dead-letters" , "off" ); settings.put("pekko.log-dead-letters-during-shutdown" , "off" ); } Config mergedConfig = ConfigFactory .parseMap(settings) .withFallback(originalConfig) .resolve(); if (Objects.isNull(name()) || name().isBlank()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException ("Pekko ActorSystem name cannot be empty! Please configure 'pekko.name'" ); } ActorSystem<MessageLite> system = ActorSystem.create(Behaviors.empty(), name(), mergedConfig); Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread (system::terminate)); return system; } default <U> ActorSystem<MessageLite> createActorSystem (Function<Try<Done>, U> closeable) { ActorSystem<MessageLite> actorSystem = createActorSystem(); actorSystem.whenTerminated().onComplete(closeable::apply, actorSystem.executionContext()); return actorSystem; } }
这里就是 properties 的配置, 也就是现在支持以 quarkus 方式来加载配置:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 quarkus.log.level =INFO actor.name =PinoActor actor.reference =application actor.settings.pekko.actor.provider =local actor.settings.pekko.actor.serializers.proto =org.apache.pekko.remote.serialization.ProtobufSerializer actor.settings.settings.pekko.actor.serialization-bindings."com.google.protobuf.Message" =proto
目前还没有初始化 ActorSystem, 只是将 Actor 配置类读取加载, 需依赖 Quarkus 的 @ApplicationScoped 创建全局实例:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 package io.meteorcat.game;import com.google.protobuf.MessageLite;import io.meteorcat.game.config.ActorPropsConfigurator;import io.quarkus.arc.DefaultBean;import io.quarkus.runtime.Quarkus;import io.quarkus.runtime.Startup;import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;import jakarta.enterprise.inject.Produces;import jakarta.inject.Inject;import org.apache.pekko.Done;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.ActorSystem;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;@ApplicationScoped public class ActorSystemApplication { private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this .getClass()); @Inject ActorPropsConfigurator configurator; @Produces @Startup @DefaultBean @ApplicationScoped public ActorSystem<MessageLite> actorSystem () { logger.info("Creating ActorSystem: {}" , configurator.name()); configurator.settings().forEach((key, value) -> logger.info("ActorSystem Setting: {} = {}" , key, value)); return configurator.createActorSystem((terminatedTry -> { logger.info("Close ActorSystem, Status: {}" , terminatedTry.isSuccess() ? "Success" : "Failure" ); Quarkus.asyncExit(); return Done.getInstance(); })); } }
这样启动之后 Quarkus 就会帮助构建全局唯一的 ActorSystem, 后续就是加入 Actor 节点并且交换数据.
启动服务
如果对 Actor 开发没什么具体概念, 可以先学习下 skynet 及其文档, 方便知道后续怎么继续下去
以 skynet 开发过程, 默认每个客户端连接到服务器都会在服务端被动态生成 agent 做服务端代理请求.
在设计 agent 之前还需要处理让 Quarkus 全局依赖注入到 pekko 内部之中, 这里将其设计成全局的接口类:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 package io.meteorcat.game.utils;import io.quarkus.arc.Arc;import io.quarkus.arc.ArcContainer;import jakarta.enterprise.inject.Instance;import jakarta.enterprise.inject.spi.BeanManager;import jakarta.inject.Inject;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.javadsl.AbstractBehavior;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.util.Optional;public interface ActorBeanContainer { Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ActorBeanContainer.class); default <T> void injectFields (AbstractBehavior<T> actor) throws IllegalAccessException { final ArcContainer arcContainer = Arc.container(); final BeanManager beanManager = arcContainer.beanManager(); final Instance<Object> cdiInstance = beanManager.createInstance(); Class<?> currentClass = actor.getClass(); while (currentClass != Object.class && currentClass != AbstractBehavior.class) { Field[] fields = currentClass.getDeclaredFields(); for (Field field : fields) { if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Inject.class)) { injectSingleField(actor, field, cdiInstance); } } currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass(); } } private <T> void injectSingleField (AbstractBehavior<T> actor, Field field, Instance<Object> cdiInstance) throws IllegalAccessException { Class<?> fieldType = field.getType(); field.setAccessible(true ); Optional<Object> dependency = Optional.ofNullable( cdiInstance.select(fieldType).get() ); if (dependency.isPresent()) { field.set(actor, dependency.get()); LOG.debug("Successfully injected field[{}] of type[{}] into Actor[{}]" , field.getName(), fieldType.getName(), actor.getClass().getName()); } else { LOG.warn("CDI Bean for field[{}] (type: {}) not found, skipping injection" , field.getName(), fieldType.getName()); } } }
之后就是准备涉及具体的 AgentActor 类, 先编写一些简单的代码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 package io.meteorcat.game.actor;import com.google.protobuf.MessageLite;import io.meteorcat.game.config.ActorPropsConfigurator;import io.meteorcat.game.utils.ActorBeanContainer;import jakarta.inject.Inject;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.Behavior;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.PostStop;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.Terminated;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.javadsl.AbstractBehavior;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.javadsl.ActorContext;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.javadsl.Behaviors;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.javadsl.Receive;import org.slf4j.Logger;import java.util.Objects;public class AgentActor extends AbstractBehavior <MessageLite> implements ActorBeanContainer { final Logger logger = getContext().getLog(); @Inject ActorPropsConfigurator configurator; private AgentActor (ActorContext<MessageLite> context) { super (context); } public static Behavior<MessageLite> create () { return Behaviors.setup((ctx) -> { AgentActor agent = new AgentActor (ctx); agent.injectFields(agent); return agent; }); } @Override public Receive<MessageLite> createReceive () { return newReceiveBuilder() .onSignal(PostStop.class, (ignore) -> { logger.info("Actor Stop!" ); if (Objects.isNull(configurator)) { logger.warn("Actor configurator is null!" ); } else { logger.warn("Actor configurator has been initialized!" ); } return Behaviors.same(); }) .onSignal(Terminated.class, (ignore) -> { logger.info("Actor Terminated!" ); return Behaviors.same(); }) .build(); } }
之后就是准备测试运行下功能, 这里注意在创建以下测试单元文件:
src/test/resources/application.properties: 测试单元的配置文件, 这个文件内容和原来 application.properties 保持一致即可
src/test/java/io/meteorcat/game/actor/AgentActorTest.java: 具体测试的功能类, 这里就是编写具体的测试单元的文件
测试单元如下, 关于 TestKit 开发测试包可以网上查询下文档, 这里仅仅做防止退出:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 package io.meteorcat.game.actor;import com.google.protobuf.MessageLite;import io.quarkus.test.junit.QuarkusTest;import jakarta.inject.Inject;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.ActorRef;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.ActorSystem;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.PostStop;import org.apache.pekko.actor.typed.Props;import org.apache.pekko.testkit.javadsl.TestKit;import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;import org.slf4j.Logger;import java.time.Duration;import java.util.UUID;import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;@QuarkusTest class AgentActorTest { @Inject ActorSystem<MessageLite> system; @Test void testSystemInfo () { assertNotNull(system); final Logger logger = system.log(); logger.info("Actor System Name: {}" , system.name()); } @Test void testStartAgentActor () { assertNotNull(system); TestKit testKit = new TestKit (system.classicSystem()); String name = "agent-%s" .formatted(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); ActorRef<MessageLite> actorRef = system.systemActorOf(AgentActor.create(), name, Props.empty()); system.scheduler().scheduleOnce( Duration.ofSeconds(2 ), () -> actorRef.unsafeUpcast().tell(PostStop.instance()), system.executionContext() ); testKit.expectNoMessage(Duration.ofSeconds(3 )); } }
最后就会输出单元测试运行之后的内容, 主要关心 Actor configurator has been initialized! 是否初始化成功:
1 2 3 4 5 6 2025-12-09 09:02:48,584 INFO [org.apa.pek.act.typ.ActorSystem] (main) Actor System Name: PinoTestActor 2025-12-09 09:02:48,584 FINE [org.jun.jup.eng.exe.InvocationInterceptorChain$ValidatingInvocation] (main) The invocation is skipped 2025-12-09 09:02:48,594 DEBUG [io.met.gam.uti.ActorBeanContainer] (PinoTestActor-pekko.actor.default-dispatcher-4) Successfully injected field[configurator] of type[io.meteorcat.game.config.ActorPropsConfigurator] into Actor[io.meteorcat.game.actor.AgentActor] 2025-12-09 09:02:50,613 INFO [io.met.gam.act.AgentActor] (PinoTestActor-pekko.actor.default-dispatcher-4) Actor Stop! 2025-12-09 09:02:50,613 WARN [io.met.gam.act.AgentActor] (PinoTestActor-pekko.actor.default-dispatcher-4) Actor configurator has been initialized! 2025-12-09 09:02:51,593 FINE [org.jun.jup.eng.exe.InvocationInterceptorChain$ValidatingInvocation] (main) The invocation is skipped
可以看到已经初始化成功了, 也就是代表容器依赖也被注入到内部, 至此已经完成 pekko + quarkus 的集成, 后续就是具体的业务编写服务.